What Is a Fluid Coupling? Working Principle

What Is a Fluid ? Working Principle

A fluid coupling is a mechanism that allows rotational force to be transferred from one axis to another. The axis is also known as the transmitting and receiving axis. The transfer is accomplished with the aid of a fluid that has been accelerated or decelerated (oil). The fluid coupling allows for maximal load acceleration as well as a near-load-free start of the .

Fluid coupling devices are made up of two spinning surfaces known as the impeller and runner. The fluid is utilized to regulate the speed of the machine. The fluid is contained by both the impeller and the runner. The energy from the high-velocity fluid is transferred to the runner and the fluid leaves at a low velocity.

This may be observed in the following examples:

  • Drives for industrial or marine machines
  • In power transmission systems, variable speed operation is used.
  • System of conveyance
  • Drives for processing

How does Fluid Coupling Work:

Fluid coupling, also known as hydraulic coupling, is a hydrodynamic device that uses transmission fluid to transfer rotational power from one shaft to another. It is utilized for power transmission in automobile transmission systems, marine propulsion systems, and industries. It can be used in place of a mechanical clutch.

It is made up of three primary parts.

  • Housing is often referred to as the shell. Around the driving shaft, there is an oil-tight seal. It also shields the impeller and turbine from harm from the elements.
  • An impeller is a turbine that is linked to the input shaft. It is also known as a pump because it acts as a centrifugal pump.
  • The output shaft to which the rotational power is to be delivered is linked to the turbine.

The coupling's impeller revolves as the prime mover travels. The impeller works as a centrifugal pump, directing fluid outward and towards the turbine blade.

As the high-velocity fluid reaches the turbine blades, it begins to rotate as well; after impacting the blades, the fluid's path is reversed, and it is propelled back towards the impeller. Turbine blades are built in such a way that they may readily shift the fluid's direction. The rotation of the turbine is caused by the fluid changing direction.

The turbine's speed rises in lockstep with the impeller speed. After some time, the impeller and turbine speeds are equal. A fluid coupling is used to transfer power from one shaft to another in this fashion.

Torque converters function in the same way, with the exception that for torque multiplication, a stator is inserted between the impeller and the turbine. Torque converters function in the same way, with the exception that for torque multiplication, a stator is inserted between the impeller and the turbine.

Application:

  • It is used in the automobile industry to transmit power from the engine to the wheels instead of using a clutch.
  • It's a component in maritime propulsion systems.
  • It is utilized for power transmission in a variety of sectors.
  • It serves as a gentle starting for heavy equipment such as coal crushers, grinders, large fans, and blowers. The beginning torque demand is quite high, and a single motor will be excessively large, with a very high starting current requirement.
  • As a result of the usage of a fluid coupling, heavy equipment may be started slowly, decreasing the motor's beginning current, and after it has gained momentum, the usual operating speed can be achieved with the reduced current.

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