Construction And Working Of Synchromesh Gearbox

Construction And Working Of Synchromesh Gear Box

This type of gear box is similar to the constant mesh type in that all the gears on the main shaft are in constant mesh with

the corresponding gears on the lay shaft. The gears on the lay shaft are fixed to it while those on the main shaft are free to rotate on the same. Its working is also similar to the constant mesh type, but in the former there is one definite improvement over the latter. This is the provision of synchromesh device which avoids the necessity of double declutching. The parts which ultimately are to be engaged are first brought into frictional contact which equalizes their speed, after which these may be engaged smoothly. Figure shows the construction and working of a synchromesh gear box. In most of the cars, however the synchromesh devices are mot fitted to all the gears as is shown in this figure. They are fitted only on the high gears and on the low and reverse gears ordinary dog clutches are only provided. This is done to reduce the cost.

In the above figure is the engine shaft, Gears B, C, D, E are free on the main shaft and are always in mesh with corresponding gears in the lay shaft. Thus all the gears on main shaft as well as on lay shaft continue to rotate so long as shaft A is rotating. Menders F1 and F2 are free to slide on splines on the main shaft. G1 and G2 are ring shaped members having internal teeth fit onto the external teeth members F1 and F2 respectively. K1 and K2 are dog teeth on B and D respectively and these also fit onto the teeth of G1 and G2. S1and S2 are the forks. T1and T2 are the ball supported by springs. These tend to prevent the sliding of members G1 (G2) on F1 (F2).however, when the force applied in G1 (G2)

through fork S1 (S2) exceeds a certain value, the balls are overcome and member G1 (G2) slides over F1

(F2). There are usually six of these balls symmetrically placed circumferentially in one synchromesh device.

M1, M2,

N1, N2,

P1, P2,

R1, R2

are the frictional surfaces.

The working of the gear box is as follows .for direct gear, member G1 and hence member F1 (through spring –loaded balls) is slid towards left till comes M1 and M2 rub and friction makes their speed equal. Further pushing the member G1

to left causes it to override the balls and get engaged with dogs K1. Now the drive to the main shaft is direct from B via F1 and the splines. We have to give sufficient time for synchronization of speeds, otherwise clash may result. For the second gear the members F1 and G1 are slid to the right so that finally the internal teeth on G1 are engaged with L1.then the drive to main shaft will be from B via U1, U2, C, F1 and splines. For first gear, G2 and F2 are moved towards right. In this case the drive will be from B via U1, U3, D, F2 and splines to the main shaft.

For reverse, G2 and F2 are slid towards right. In this case the drive will be from B via, U1, U4, U5, D, F2 are splines to the main shaft.